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The proceedings contain 115 papers. The topics discussed include: clinical and genetic predictors of sickle cell nephropathy in Malawi;clinicohematological characteristics of iron deficiency anemia and hemoglobinopathies in Pakistan;an experience of non-hospital based laboratory;assessment of hematological parameters of petrol filling workers at petrol stations in Ethiopia: a comparative cross-sectional study;burden and risk factor to acute myocardial ischemia in children with sickle cell anemia;dyslipidemia in transfusion-dependent-thalassemia patients and its correlation with serum vitamin D level;impact of COVID-19 pandemic to pre-transfusion hemoglobin level and frequency of transfusion in transfusion-dependent thalassemia patients in Indonesia;retinopathy in Egyptian patients with sickle cell disease;and dietary pattern, socio-demographic characteristics and nutritional status of pregnant women attending Barau Dikko teaching hospital and the need to develop recommended dietary allowance and dietary reference intakes for sickle cell disease patients.
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Amid the recent transit ridership decline, gaining an understanding of the factors affecting ridership becomes crucial for transit agencies to utilize limited resources effectively. I use generalized linear multilevel negative binomial models to investigate the longitudinal relationship and changes in the associations between neigh-borhood-level bus ridership and a series of socio-economic and bus service factors in Philadelphia between 2014 and 2018. Data come from passenger boarding at bus stops in Philadelphia. Results show that the associations between bus ridership, population and the number of jobs, and the percent of zero-car households are positive, but weakened over time. The associations between ridership and bus service supply are inelastic. The findings have implications on transit agencies' resource allocation and service adjustments as they recover from the ridership and revenue losses during the COVID-19 pandemic while facing competition from new travel options such as Uber and Lyft.
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The global COVID-19 pandemic has triggered a huge demand for the protective nonwovens. However, the main raw material of nonwovens comes from petroleum, and the massive consumption of petroleum-based polymers brings great pressure to ecosystem. Therefore, it is significant to develop biodegradable protective barrier products. In this work, a polylactic-based composite (a tri-layer nonwovens composed of spunbond, meltblown and spunbond, SMS) was prepared and applied for protective apparel. The surface morphology and chemical changes of the fibers were characterized and analyzed by scanning electron microscope (SEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS). The liquid contact angle and permeability, breathability and moisture permeability, frictional charge and mechanical strength of the samples were evaluated and compared. The samples degradability was also recorded. The results demonstrate that the optimum formula for anti-fouling treatment on SMS is F-30. The treated fabric possesses superior liquid repellency and anti-permeability, with contact angles of water and alcohol at 128° and 115° respectively, while the alcohol repellent grade reaches level 7. The treated sample has less strength loss but exhibits favorable breathability, moisture permeability and anti-static properties, which can meet the requirements of protective apparels. After fluorine resin coating, the composite still provide excellent degradation performance, and the weight loss rate reaches more than 80% after 10 days water degradation. These results provide new insights for the application of PLA-based SMS in biodegradable protective apparel. © 2023 The Textile Institute.
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Good evening. It is a pleasure and an honour to be here at NIESR to give the annual Dow lecture. We are very lucky in the UK to have high-quality independent institutions such as NIESR focusing on the policy landscape, and in my time on the MPC I have always valued their commentary and research.
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The oil industry is experiencing a critical situation as the Covid-19 pandemic outbreak. There are several challenges that facing the industry specially the investors as the global decline in demand for Energy merchandises, the future exploration and development drilling in new assets that require massive investments is still uncertain based on the current market price and conditions. The much-reported fall in oil prices and the acute pressure on IOCs to survive in this environment led the companies to stop many ongoing projects and shrink work profile that affected the oil production all over the world. The situation in Egypt is quite challenging for the investors as Egypt is a big consumer, along with the political stability that kept the economy running directed the big IOCs to embrace innovative approaches to lower the operating costs that has the direct impact on the cost per barrel to support maintaining the country growth and secure current energy demand. Dragon Oil company as newly introduced to Egypt's market after acquiring the market shares of one of the major joint ventures in Egypt (Gulf of Suez Petroleum Company- GUPCO) in October 2019 has faced the same dilemma of exerted pressure on the expenditures (Capex and Opex) in order to cope with the global market circumstances. However that didn't deter the company to embrace an innovative way of thinking and handling for the situation. Dragon Oil/GUPCO multi-disciplinary teams achieved successfully a production incremental increase of 10,000 barrels per day through the past six month by adapting a strategic management innovative plans, alternative lower cost technical solutions, production optimization and introducing new proved technologies to the 50 years old assets. This paper will highlight the complete workflow adopted by GUPCO/Dragon Oil teams covering the whole process aspects;appraise, select, define and execution phases to achieve the company goals. The work done was including restoring production from Shut-in offshore platforms or wells via fixing the surface network using neoteric solutions, widely applying rigless interventions using several new techniques in the current producers to maximize their production and optimizing the production cycle across the four production chokes In Summary, Dragon Oil/GUPCO teams managed to increase GUPCO's production despite of the restricted budget and the negative impact of COVID-19 pandemic on the oil price and reach an outstanding performance in operation excellence and safety aspects that results in arresting the natural decline and increase the growth production by about 15% from the 2019 Average production. Copyright © 2023, Society of Petroleum Engineers.
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Talent Management plays a crucial role to support the business continuity and empower the most important asset for the company - its people. The role that Talent Management has played was highlighted in different aspects across the organization, starting from developing competent HR team and HR department structure that can influence company culture by taking an active approach in this regard. The journey started by working with the executives and stakeholders across the business to evaluate the current company culture, assess potential gaps or opportunities, and create a strategic plan to align the organization's culture with its values and goals. Moreover, a deliberate building of core and supplementary HR systems serving the business strategy while respecting culture readiness has taken place. This started off with developing leadership development programs, conducting a competency management system for better training and skills development, relying on assessment tools in recruitment and using these tools in the on-boarding, knowledge sharing approach, creating a performance management culture and working on continuous development and improvement. The Leadership Development Program was achieved on 3 phases: Assessment phase, Development phase and re-assessment phase. One of the main objectives that we tried to focus on while implementing the leadership development program was to find employees who are potential leaders and nurture them early enough. In addition, it was crucial to identify a Leadership Competency Profile to have a clear, compelling vision of how the skills we were building in the leadership development program connect to the leadership road map in the company. In addition, and in the light of Covid-19 and the absence of Employee Training in 2020, the HR department came out with an initiative to carry out internal knowledge sharing workshops across the company. These workshops aimed at increasing employees' awareness with the different functions across the company in addition to increasing the level of engagement, communication, and presentation skills for employees. There is always a need to measure where we are and the progress done so far to know where we want to be and adjust the process accordingly. Therefore throughout all of these processes and programs, different feedback surveys were conducted to take necessary action plans. This helped in getting all employees onboard with us. Ultimately the alignment that was made between the Talent Management and the overall company's business strategy resulted in the company's ability to maintain a competitive advantage. A huge progress was made but the process continues to sustain this role. Copyright © 2023, Society of Petroleum Engineers.
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Despite this focus on pandemic-related supply chain disruptions, fewer empirical studies have sought to isolate short-term price impacts in food and nonfood agricultural commodity markets.1 Understanding the drivers of short-term commodity price impacts is critical to understanding future susceptibility to major market shocks and to informing policies related to shock mitigation. Declines in ethanol production reached an estimated 2 billion gallons lost from March to November 2020, leading to a corresponding decline of 700 million bushels of corn usage and a loss of billions of dollars of ethanol producer surplus (Renewable Fuels Association, 2020b;Schmitz, Moss, and Schmitz, 2020). Increases in corn-based ethanol production that started in 2005 have linked agricultural commodity prices and energy markets as US ethanol production increased rapidly from 3.9 billion gallons in 2005 to 13.3 billion by 2010 and 15.8 billion by 2019 (Chakravorty, Hubert, and Nøstbakken, 2009;Wright, 2011;Roberts and Schlenker, 2013;Asgari, Saghaian, and Reed, 2020;US Department of Agriculture, 2021). Given that over 90% of US ethanol is used in mixtures of E10 gasoline and the US market reached a 10% "blend wall" in 2016, any reduction in gasoline use will cause proportional decreases in ethanol use (US Energy Information Administrationa, 2020;US Department of Agriculture, 2021).
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The Coronavirus pandemic challenged most industries in ways unimaginable, forcing people to consider a variety of operational models which were previously unthinkable. UEP also adapted a Work-From-Home (WFH) model for its office-based staff to ensure operational continuity. A few months into the Pandemic, discussions at UEP were initiated to determine how the organization intends to manage office resumption once the Pandemic eases. A holistic strategy was devised to seek inputs of stake holders, research global and local trends to arrive at an informed decision. The findings indicated that while globally there were discussions around New Normal the local companies were generally not inclined in changing the way they work. UEP also sought feedback on the work-from-home setup from its employees via pulse survey and focus groups. Based on the results and multiple deliberations it was decided to move towards a hybrid model as the New Normal for UEP. A key focus area throughout the process was the impact on employees and the subsequent impact on Talent Management at UEP. This paper will discuss the series of events which led to the formalization of the "New Normal for UEP" and how it has impacted UEP's Talent Management. The paper will also briefly touch upon the post implementation feedback and lessons learnt from focus groups and highlight areas of improvement to fine tune the working model to what suits UEP best. Copyright © 2023, Society of Petroleum Engineers.
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In this paper, we present and demonstrate that the implementation of an efficient Project Management Strategy has effectively contributed in a safe and successful completion of a very complex 3D OBN Seismic Survey in congested Oil fields. Thus, delivering high quality data on schedule and within the predetermined budget at the full satisfaction of all involved parties and stakeholders. Strong commitment to HSSE Standards and working as an integrated One-Team with full collaboration and continuous communication between all the Team members are among the main Success Factors of the 3D seismic survey which was carried out during the critical period of COVID-19. Moreover, the deployment of experienced personnel, advanced and reliable Technologies with adequate equipment have also extended the efficiency of this OBN 3D seismic survey. Preliminary results of 3D seismic data processing, interpretation and reservoir characterization are also briefly presented and discussed as a clear enhancement of data quality was already observed compared to the legacy 3D OBC data set. A fast track small 3D cube was successfully processed as an utmost and urgent priority for appraisal well selection, design and drilling. Copyright © 2023, Society of Petroleum Engineers.
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Objectives/Scope: Kuwait Energy is exploring, developing, and operating four concessions located in the Western Desert and the Gulf of Suez in Egypt;the company implemented many projects that had a significant impact on saving operating expenses and reducing greenhouse emissions to preserve the environment. One of these recent executed projects was replacing scattered diesel generators with a Central gas-driven electric power grid in Al- Jahraa field in East Abu-Sennan concession. In this , we present the challenges we faced during the planning phase and execution strategy applied to overcome these challenges. Methods: Al-Jahraa Field includes 13 running wells, a waterflood station, and a main oil and gas production plant. The field electricity is supplied by 15 scattered diesel generators for wells and facilities, consuming 100,000 liters of diesel per month. During the feasibility study phase of the project, many challenges were faced which had a negative impact on the project's economical assessment and that would result in cancelling the project, the challenges were summarized as following;the existence of wells at long distances from the site of the proposed main power station, which would require extending long lengths of electric power cables at a high cost, also the expected delay in the implementation and commissioning of the project resulting from the long delivery time of materials, especially copper cables and main switchgear during the COVID-19 pandemic. Several scenarios were studied for connecting the wells to the power station: The first scenario was to connect all wells and field facilities directly to the main power station. In this case, the estimated power cable lengths required to be extended were 25,000 Mt, in addition to using two 1 MW generators, one in service and the other would be a standby generator to provide backup power during a repair or maintenance service. This option economic model showed negative NPV due to the high cost of cables and extended execution time. Therefore, this option was cancelled. The second alternative was to connect each group of wells to three power stations to be operated using three diesel generators of 500 kVA for each station, with three backup generators. But the implementation of this option would lead to saving the cost of copper cables by 50%, but the cost of purchasing generators would increase due to the increase in the number of stations accordingly, in addition to the increase in operating expenses resulting from the increase in fuel consumption and maintenance cost compared to the first option. The third alternative, in which the economics of the project proved to be the best, is to divide the wells into three groups. Each of the two remote groups of wells are connected to an electric distribution panel, and then the two panels are connected by a main cable to the main power station. Moreover, the project cost was reduced by 50% due to the implementation of the following innovative optimization approach: • Re-using ESP cables instead of copper cables optimized both cost and delivery time as these materials are pulled from ESP wells. • These cables are designed for harsh downhole conditions increases its durability and extends its lifetime. • Using step-up and step-down transformers enabled us to reduce cable sizing, which also reflected on the lower cost of the project and, accordingly, increased its feasibility to be constructed. • An Incremental development approach, was followed in the management and implementation of the project, led to the speed of project delivery, and reduced the project risks and uncertainties. Results: The project was completed and commissioned within the allocated budget and time frame, leading to: ◦ 100% reduction of diesel fuel consumption levels. ◦ +68% reduction in total emissions;emissions are reduced by 2.5tons per year on average. ◦ reduced operational costs for each kilowatt hour generated due to using associated gas as fuel and releasing 13 rental generators. ◦ With the replacement of 1 rental generators with just one, the amount of maintenance waste, such as batteries, used oil, oil filters, fuel filters, and so on, is significantly reduced. ◦ These projects showed positive economic indicators (+NPV), with less than 1 years of payback. Conclusion: From this project's planning, execution, and results, we can claim that if risk assessments, detailed scope of work, good resource and time management, and cost-effective choices were addressed carefully, shall result in outstanding performance. The design of a high-efficiency electrical power supply system and use of associated gas in power generation reduces levels of fuel consumption, GHG emissions, and operational costs. Power generation project is a repeated case performed in one of our own assets in Egypt due to positive results and are easily transferable to sister IOCs & NOCs. Copyright © 2023, Society of Petroleum Engineers.
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This study examines the response of the Consumer Price Index (CPI) in local currency to the COVID-19 pandemic using monthly data (March 2020–February 2022), comparatively for six European countries. We have introduced a model of multivariate adaptive regression that considers the quasi-periodic effects of pandemic waves in combination with the global effect of the economic shock to model the variation in the price of crude oil at international levels and to compare the induced effect of the pandemic restriction as well and the oil price variation on each country's CPI. The model was tested for the case of six emergent countries and developed European countries. The findings show that: (i) pandemic restrictions are driving a sharp rise in the CPI, and consequently inflation, in most European countries except Greece and Spain, and (ii) the emergent economies are more affected by the oil price and pandemic restriction than the developed ones.
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У кризним ситуаци)ама, као што je текуки сукоб у Укра]ит, питате учинковитости инпута у полопривредно] производти поста]е врло знача]но. У том контексту, главни цил овограда jeутвр'ивате нивоа ефикасности примене 'убрива у землама Западног Балкана. Истовремено, фокус овог рада je здравле землишта у региону, као и зависност региона од увоза "убрива.. Резултати су показали да je ефикасност 'убрива века у региону него у ЕУ. Ме'утим, с обзиром на високу зависност од увоза и наjвjeроватниje продужете кризе, дати су одре'ени предлози за поболшате ситуацsе. Заклучци овог рада могу бити од користи креаторима полопривредне политике као и полопривредним произво'ачима.Alternate :In the case of the crisis, such as the current conflict in the Ukraine, the question of input effectiveness in agricultural production has become very important. In that context, the main objective of this paper is to find the level of fertiliser efficiency in the Western Balkan countries. The paper also aims to discuss health of the soil in the region and its dependence on fertilisers imports. Results showed that fertilizer use efficiency is higher in the region than in the EU. However, considering the high dependence on imports and the most likely prolongation of the crisis, certain suggestions for improving the situation were given. This conclusion can be useful for the creators of the agricultural policy as well as for agricultural producers.
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PurposeThe Russian invasion of Ukraine generated unprecedented panic in the European financial system. As expected, the European Union (EU) felt most of the negative effects of the war due to geographical proximity to Ukraine and energy dependence on Russia. This study aims to investigate the influence of Brent crude oil (BCO), Dutch Title Transfer Facility Natural Gas, and CBOE Volatility Index (VIX) on Deutscher Aktien Index (DAX), Austrian Traded Index (ATX) and Milano Indice di Borsa (FTSEMIB). The German, Austrian and Italian equity indexes were chosen due to the heavy dependence of these countries on Russian gas and oil.Design/methodology/approachThe data cover the period from November 24, 2021, to June 24, 2022, including five months of the Russia–Ukraine war. To generate the intended results, vector autoregressive, structural vector autoregressive, vector error correction model, Johansen test and Granger causality test were used.FindingsThe results highlight that natural gas and the VIX carried negative effects on DAX, ATX and FTSEMIB. The BCO was expected to have influenced three selected equity indexes, while the results suggest that it was priced only in ATX.Originality/valueThis research provides modest evidence for the policymakers on the systemic risk that Russian gas has for the EU equity markets. From a managerial perspective, changes in oil and gas prices are a permanently integral part of portfolio risk analysis.
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In a modern era of unprecedented events, such as the COVID-19 pandemic, energy matters now more than ever. What was previously impossible is now a challenge that should be met with measured risk and a mitigation plan. In early 2020, a service company pursued a solution to provide a compact surface well test (SWT) package for an extended well test (EWT) on an offshore production platform in the Zafaraana field with extremely high concentrations of H2S. The solution involved proper treatment and safe delivery of well effluent within acceptable H2S limits to a floating production storage and offloading (FPSO) facility. The EWT was to be installed for a long period to allow production from the reservoir, treatment of the effluent using H2S scavenger, and delivery to the FPSO facility by means of electric transfer pumps. This was the only way to produce because the FPSO facility could not accommodate the high H2S concentrations from the reservoir. A further challenge was that it was a simultaneous operation (SIMOPs) wherein the rig was engaged in drilling and completion activities of other wells on the same offshore platform;operational conflicts were identified during the HAZOP/HAZID meeting to help mitigate potential issues. Copyright © 2023, Society of Petroleum Engineers.
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Retail gasoline sales generally take place in an incredibly competitive environment with highly visible prices, many competitors, and homogeneous goods. Here, we show how price–cost margins have changed in an era of drastic changes to transportation choices. We find that increasing COVID-19 case rates have increased firms' market power in the retail gasoline sector, effectively halving the station-level price elasticity of demand. © 2022, Asia-Pacific Applied Economics Association. All rights reserved.
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Drones operate on electric batteries and not on gasoline, so the eco-friendly role of drones has recently attracted a lot of attention. Thus, this study was designed in order to investigate differences in behavioral intentions, such as intention to use, word-of-mouth, and willingness to pay more, according to demographic characteristics and past experiences in the field of eco-friendly drone food delivery services. Data were collected from 422 potential consumers of eco-friendly drone food delivery services in South Korea. The data analysis results indicated that females are more willing to pay extra than males are, respondents who were in their 50s had higher word-of-mouth intention than other generations, marital status showed significant differences in willingness to pay more and intentions to use, and there was a difference in willingness to pay more and word-of-mouth with regards to monthly income. In addition, respondents who had previously heard of drone food delivery services had higher averages with willingness to pay more and intentions to use as opposed to respondents who had not heard of them, and respondents who had experience controlling drones were willing to pay additional fees when they used eco-friendly drone food delivery services. The results of this study would be a great assistance for executives who will operate eco-friendly drone food delivery services.
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HPHT wells are typically associated with high complexity, technically challenging, long duration, high risk and high NPT as many things could go wrong especially when any of the critical nitty- gritty details are overlooked. The complexity is amplified with high risk of losses in carbonate reservoir with high level of contaminants compounded by the requirement of high mud weight above 17 ppg during monsoon season in an offshore environment. The above sums up the challenges an operator had to manage in a groundbreaking HPHT carbonate appraisal well which had successfully pushed the historical envelope of such well category in Central Luconia area, off the coast of Sarawak where one of the new records of the deepest and hottest carbonate HPHT well had been created. This well took almost 4 months to drill with production testing carried out in a safe and efficient manner whereby more than 4000m of vertical interval was covered by 6 hole sections. With the seamless support from host authority, JV partners and all contractors, the well was successfully delivered within the planned duration and cost, despite the extreme challenges brought about by the COVID-19 pandemic. This paper will share the experience of the entire cycle from pre job engineering/planning, execution, key lesson learnt and optimization plan for future exploitations which includes an appraisal well and followed by more than a dozen of development wells. Copyright © 2023, International Petroleum Technology Conference.
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This paper is aimed at evaluating the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic, measured through the fatality index, on the gasoline and natural gas prices in the main Latin American economies: Brazil, Mexico, Colombia, Peru, Chile and Uruguay. These economies are not only the largest in the region, but also the most affected by the COVID-19 pandemic. Likewise, these countries have shown, in the last decades, a growing demand for gasoline and natural gas. This research uses several panel data models with weekly data (February 2020 - February 2021). Two-way random-effects panel data models suggest empirical evidence that mortality rate growth rates, for all sample countries, have negative effects only on gasoline price growth rates;without any effect on the price of gas. In this research, the exchange rate is used as a control variable due to its relationship with hydrocarbon prices. Data used in the analysis are official without considering the mortality excess by specific cause of COVID-19. This type of analysis in Latin America, as far as the authors know, is novel and contributes to the discussion of the conjuncture between the health crisis and its relationship with volatility of energy prices. ©2022 by authors, all rights reserved.
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The paper aims to describe the experiences, challenges faced, and lessons learnt on how The Company Well Services division is managing the risks associate to COVID-19. The global COVID-19 pandemic spread in late 2019 and turned into one of the biggest challenges facing all industries including the oil and gas industry- in decades. The most challenging aspect of COVID-19 is its contagion rate, and its ability to spread from both non-symptomatic and symptomatic people to others who are in close contact through respiratory droplets, by direct contact with infected persons, or by contact with contaminated objects and surfaces. Today, we must consider this new reality into business continuity planning and take all necessary precautions to mitigate its spread within the organization. As the health and safety of the employees and contractors is paramount to the Company and based on the Company commitment to provide better service quality to its clients, a thorough emergency response system that includes precaution measures to help fighting against COVID-19 and its potential to negatively impact the business was created. Furthermore, The Company COVID-19 Management Standard set the minimum requirements, to manage the risks associate to the COVID-19. A Crisis Management Team was formed to oversee the implementation of COVID-19 decisions and raise awareness within the Company. All field personnel were required to comply to COVID-19 precautions during operations. With the implementation of new procedures, we were able to maintain the lowest confirmed case numbers among all the companies in our operational sector. Though it was challenging at the beginning for employees to comply, the new requirements have become the normal standard today. These new measures focus on the importance of employee health and safety when working through COVID-19 pandemic and has helped to educate people on the importance of following health and safety procedures as way of life for everyone while maintaining the Company Operational Sustainability. Copyright © 2022, International Petroleum Technology Conference.
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As the industry recovers from the recent downturn in petroleum commodity prices and the economic impacts from coronavirus (COVID-19), governing authorities in most countries are imposing methodological measures to promote the reduction of carbon footprint. This affects every industry including the petroleum sector. Therefore, most investors and stakeholders have increased their focus on Environmental, Social, and Corporate Governance (ESG) policies. During the well construction phase, a transition from a hydraulic to an electric tong is achieved, resulting in carbon footprint reduction. Achieving carbon neutrality or carbon emission reduction while producing hydrocarbons is one of the topmost key performance indicators (KPIs) in the industry. With the implementation of digital technologies in the tubular and casing connection make-up process, a hydraulic tong is substituted with an electric tong of an equivalent specification. The energy consumption for both systems are calculated and compared. Other important KPIs on tracking operational cost are also assessed and the results are then compared to determine the benefits of implementing the upgraded digitalized tong solution. The electric tong digitalized solution, commercially available in the petroleum industry, is a key enabler for carbon emission reduction while running tubulars in/out of the wellbore. This solution is one of the milestones that serve as foundation to advocate carbon reduction. Eventually, this will lead to establishing carbon neutrality during hydrocarbon extraction and production. The results concluded that a digitalized solution eventually reduced personnel on board working in the "red zone," which eventually leads to carbon emission reductions caused by a decrease in fuel consumption. The decrease of 43% in CO2 emission is observed while performing tubular connection process. Moreover, an overall comparison between a legacy system with the digitalized electric system displayed more than 59% reduction in CO2 during the tubular running services. In addition to carbon reduction, this electric power and control solution allows for more precise torque control, leading to enhanced system integrity and increased reliability achieved by cleaner energy. With this digital solution, not only is the safety and well-being of rig personnel enhanced to avoid any recordable incidents, the reduction of carbon emission is also achieved, aligning to the objectives of current ESG regulatory authorities. This paper will provide comprehensive details on the novelty of this technology and solution offered to the industry. © 2022, Offshore Technology Conference. All rights reserved.